1771-P5

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描述

1771-P5

PID控制器的參數(shù)整定?
? ? ? PID控制器的參數(shù)整定是控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的核心內(nèi)容。它是根據(jù)被控過程的特性確定PID控制器的比例系數(shù)、積分時(shí)間和微分時(shí)間的大小。PID控制器參數(shù)整定的方法很多，概括起來有兩大類：一是理論計(jì)算整定法。它主要是依據(jù)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，經(jīng)過理論計(jì)算確定控制器參數(shù)。這種方法所得到的計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)未必可以直接用，還必須通過工程實(shí)際進(jìn)行調(diào)整和修改。二是工程整定方法，它主要依賴工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，直接在控制系統(tǒng)的試驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行，且方法簡(jiǎn)單、易于掌握，在工程實(shí)際中被廣泛采用。PID控制器參數(shù)的工程整定方法，主要有臨界比例法、反應(yīng)曲線法和衰減法。三種方法各有其特點(diǎn)，其共同點(diǎn)都是通過試驗(yàn)，然后按照工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式對(duì)控制器參數(shù)進(jìn)行整定。但無論采用哪一種方法所得到的控制器參數(shù)，都需要在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中進(jìn)行最后調(diào)整與完善?，F(xiàn)在一般采用的是臨界比例法。利用該方法進(jìn)行 PID控制器參數(shù)的整定步驟如下：(1)首先預(yù)選擇一個(gè)足夠短的采樣周期讓系統(tǒng)工作；(2)僅加入比例控制環(huán)節(jié)，直到系統(tǒng)對(duì)輸入的階躍響應(yīng)出現(xiàn)臨界振蕩，記下這時(shí)的比例放大系數(shù)和臨界振蕩周期；(3)在一定的控制度下通過公式計(jì)算得到PID控制器的參數(shù)。
? ? ? 在實(shí)際調(diào)試中，只能先大致設(shè)定一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)值，然后根據(jù)調(diào)節(jié)效果修改。
? ? ? 對(duì)于溫度系統(tǒng)：P（%）20–60，I（分）3–10，D（分）0.5–3
? ? ? 對(duì)于流量系統(tǒng)：P（%）40–100，I（分）0.1–1
? ? ? 對(duì)于壓力系統(tǒng)：P（%）30–70，I（分）0.4–3
? ? ? 對(duì)于液位系統(tǒng)：P（%）20–80，I（分）1–5
? ? ? 參數(shù)整定找最佳，從小到大順序查
? ? ? 先是比例后積分，最后再把微分加
? ? ? 曲線振蕩很頻繁，比例度盤要放大
? ? ? 曲線漂浮繞大灣，比例度盤往小扳
? ? ? 曲線偏離回復(fù)慢，積分時(shí)間往下降
? ? ? 曲線波動(dòng)周期長(zhǎng)，積分時(shí)間再加長(zhǎng)
? ? ? 曲線振蕩頻率快，先把微分降下來
? ? ? 動(dòng)差大來波動(dòng)慢。微分時(shí)間應(yīng)加長(zhǎng)
? ? ? 理想曲線兩個(gè)波，前高后低4比1
? ? ? 一看二調(diào)多分析，調(diào)節(jié)質(zhì)量不會(huì)低

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機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)配件
大型伺服系統(tǒng)配件
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選擇深圳長(zhǎng)欣，選擇放心，售后無憂大量現(xiàn)貨，當(dāng)天順豐發(fā)貨！
主營(yíng)：本特利，英維思，伍德沃德，?？怂共_、西屋、瑞恩、施耐德莫迪康、ABB、AB、西門子、摩托羅拉、GE發(fā)那科、安川、博世力士樂，ACSO，力士樂等各大品牌的DCS系統(tǒng)配件，機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)配件，大型伺服系統(tǒng)備件。

先介紹幾點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
1、先通讀一遍“系統(tǒng)手冊(cè)”（不管能不能看懂，先了解個(gè)大概，以便學(xué)習(xí)編程時(shí)查找）；
2、由位控邏輯入手，逐漸增加定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)等條件，把或、與、非關(guān)系理順；
3、進(jìn)而練習(xí)整數(shù)運(yùn)算、實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算、類型轉(zhuǎn)換；
4、量程轉(zhuǎn)換、PID調(diào)節(jié)回路的建立及P、I、D參數(shù)的理解（最好是有個(gè)物理回路驗(yàn)證，比如變頻器+電機(jī)+測(cè)速傳感器）；
5、循環(huán)、順序、跳轉(zhuǎn)等程序控制（盡量避免跳轉(zhuǎn)，非跳不可時(shí)也是跳的越近越好）；
6、中斷、通訊、位置控制....

本人以ABB工業(yè)機(jī)器人配件DSQC系列和Motorola MVME系列，GE 卡件 模塊 驅(qū)動(dòng)器系列為主攻。各位電工朋友可根據(jù)自己的條件選擇適合自己的PLC品牌，由于PLC的基本框架大同小異，學(xué)會(huì)一種至于其它的學(xué)習(xí)起來也就簡(jiǎn)單了。

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