開關(guān)電源的輸入電路大都采用電容濾波型整流電路，在進(jìn)線電源合閘瞬間，由于電容器上的初始電壓為零，電容器充電瞬間會(huì)形成很大的浪涌電流，特別是大功率開關(guān)電源，采用容量較大的濾波電容器，使浪涌電流達(dá)100A以上。在電源接通瞬間如此大的浪涌電流，重者往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致輸入熔斷器燒斷或合閘開關(guān)的觸點(diǎn)燒壞，整流橋過流損壞;輕者也會(huì)使空氣開關(guān)合不上閘。上述現(xiàn)象均會(huì)造成開關(guān)電源無法正常工作，為此幾乎所有的開關(guān)電源都設(shè)置了防止流涌電流的軟啟動(dòng)電路，以保證二手機(jī)器人電源正常而可靠運(yùn)行。
如果采用“軟啟動(dòng)電路”來消除開關(guān)電源啟動(dòng)時(shí)的浪涌電流，可以很好地避免上述傳統(tǒng)浪涌電流限制方法的缺點(diǎn)。通過“軟啟動(dòng)”來控制開關(guān)電源的啟動(dòng)以消除浪涌電流，包含這樣兩條設(shè)計(jì)原則：即在加電瞬間除去負(fù)載、同時(shí)限制有用的電流。如果不驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載，開關(guān)電源啟動(dòng)時(shí)一般電流很小。在很多情況下，啟動(dòng)電流實(shí)際有可能要比利用這種方法保持的穩(wěn)態(tài)工作電流小。
浪涌電流指電源接通瞬間，流入電源設(shè)備的峰值電流。由于輸出濾波電容迅速充電，所以該峰值電流遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于穩(wěn)態(tài)輸出電流。電源應(yīng)該限制AC開關(guān)、整流橋、保險(xiǎn)絲、EMI濾波器件能承受的浪涌水平。反復(fù)開關(guān)環(huán)路，AC輸入電壓不應(yīng)損壞電源或者導(dǎo)致保險(xiǎn)絲燒斷。

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